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More General Info On Copies

A photocopier (or copier) is a machine that makes paper copies of documents and other visual images quickly and cheaply. Most current photocopiers use a technology called xerography, a dry process using heat. (Copiers can also use other output technologies such as ink jet, but xerography is standard for office copying.)

Xerographic office photocopying was introduced by Xerox in the 1960s, and over the following 20 years it gradually replaced copies made by Verifax, Photostat, carbon paper, mimeograph machines, and other duplicating machines. The prevalence of its use is one of the factors that prevented the development of the paperless office heralded early in the digital revolution.

Photocopying is widely used in business, education, and government. There have been many predictions that photocopiers will eventually become obsolete as information workers continue to increase their digital document creation and distribution, and rely less on distributing actual pieces of paper.

Among the key advantages of photocopiers over earlier copying technologies are their ability:

� � � * to use plain (untreated) office paper,
* to implement duplex (or two-sided) printing, and
* eventually, to sort and/or staple output.

In recent years, all new photocopiers have adopted digital technology, thus replacing the older analog technology. With digital copying, the copier effectively consists of an integrated scanner and laser printer. This design has several advantages, such as automatic image quality enhancement and the ability to "build jobs" (that is, to scan page images independently of the process of printing them). Some digital copiers can function as high-speed scanners; such models typically offer the ability to send documents via email or to make them available on file servers.

A great advantage of digital copier technology is "automatic digital collation." For example, when copying a set of 20 pages 20 times, a digital copier scans each page only once, then uses the stored information to produce 20 sets. In an analog copier, either each page is scanned 20 times (a total of 400 scans), making one set at a time, or 20 separate output trays are used for the 20 sets.

Low-end copiers also use digital technology, but tend to consist of a standard PC scanner coupled to an inkjet or low-end laser printer, both of which are far slower than their counterparts in high-end copiers. However, low-end scanner-inkjets can provide color copying at a far lower cost than can a traditional color copier. The cost of electronics is such that combined scanner-printers sometimes have built-in fax machines.

Text from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

A Glossary of Copy book Terms

Copy Book - a book used in education that contains blank space for writing down something.

Cover Paper - heavier, generally stiffer paper commonly used for book covers, folders, greeting cards, business cards, and brochures. Uncoated cover papers generally match the color and finish of corresponding text papers. The basic size of cover stock is 20"x26". see also basic size, text paper.

Glyph - an element of writing, an individual mark on paper or another written medium that contributes to the meaning of what is written there. Type glyphs are created and modified using a variety of illustration techniques.

Lithography - a printing process using flat surface planographic plates nally stone) that is based on the principle that oil and water don't mix. The image to be lithographed is created on the plate with greasy material that repels water. Water is run over the plate, and the non-image areas absorb it. When the oily ink hits the plate, it's attracted to the similarly greasy image, and repelled by the rest of the wet plate. When paper is pressed onto the plate, it picks up the ink (and a bit of the water). This process is now used primarily for limited-edition prints. see also offset, planographic, plate, printing process.

Offset - an indirect printing process. Ink is transferred to paper from a blanket that carries an impression from the printing plate, rather than directly from the printing plate itself. Generally, when we say "offset" we mean "offset lithography," even though other printing processes, such as letterpress, may also use this indirect technique. The term offset (or "set off") can also refer to the smudges cre- ated when ink from one printed sheet transfers to another. Offset spray is used to prevent this. see also impression cylinder, lithography, planographic, plate, printing processes.

Perfect Binding - a method of binding using glue to hold the interior sheets of the book together and to a wrap-around heavier paper cover.

Proofing - an optional decision of a printing company’s customer to check out the cards design before printing whole amount. In fact proofing comes to sending .PDF or other graphic program file online to a customer. When agreed and paid printing companies can send a physical sample. If a client is satisfied with the design and agrees that design has no errors, he/she tells a printing company to print the whole amount.

Saddle-stitch - a method of binding sections together using wire - usually 2 stitches.

Typography - an art and technique of arranging type, type design, and modifying type glyphs.

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